Sunday, November 29, 2015

Crisis Communication - The Best Offense is the Best Defense

This week many homes around the country celeb rated the Thanksgiving Day Holiday.  Families gathered to enjoy home cooked food, catch up with other family members, and probably spend  some money during the the busiest shopping day of the year, Black Friday.  Many stores opened on Thanksgiving Day offering special deals to those early bird shoppers, other stores decided to have traditional Black Friday shopping hours, opening early in the morning on Friday.  Thanks to smartphones and social media there are hundreds of videos of people going a little too far during their Black Friday shopping.  In many videos you see people scrambling for the “hot buys” and door busters. In a video this year, you see a woman snatching an item that a young child was holding during a Black Friday shopping spree. Imagine you’re a communication professional for one of those retailers and as your team monitors your social media presence a movement begins against Black Friday shopping. It starts with the video on YouTube and the comments quickly begin to mount. Then a hashtag on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram is started and the conversation quickly builds with anti-Black Friday slogan.  Are you ready to handle a social media crisis?  Are your crisis communication and reputation management plans ready to dust off the shelves and put into effect?

Let’s look at a few ways to make sure you are prepared to handle a crisis communication situation.

In Young and Flowers (2012) analysis of the 2009 Domino’s Pizza social media crisis where two employees defaced several sandwiches and pizza, they site the power of YouTube, “Burgess and  Green  (2009)  explain  that  YouTube  users  engage  with  this medium  “as  if  it  is  a  space  specifically  designed  for  them  and  that  should therefore  serve  their  own  particular  interests”  (p.  vii).  This can have enormous  positive  or  negative  impacts  for  organizations  involved  in  crisis management,  including  but  not  limited  to  the  inability  of  boundary spanners  to  monitor  the  vastness  of  this  space;  malicious  users  who  might create  a crisis; and  the leveraging capabilities of  this platform  to enhance a brand  during  a  crisis.  Meaning that YouTube has the power to create a crisis and, when used appropriately, manage a brands reputation during the crisis. 

Similarly, The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) used a similar approach during the outbreak of the H1N1 flu virus. Though the crisis was not created through social media, the CDC utilized the medium to communicate to the general public to warn and educate about the spread of the virus (Walton, Seitz, Ragsdale, 2012).

What any good strategic communicator should tell you is the need, better yet, requirement, of creating a crisis communication plan as the first step. Neil Chapman, who worked with BP during their gulf spill, said in a YouTube interview that the oil and gas industry is continually holding crisis drills to ensure all levels of the company are prepared for the inevitable crisis. And for those reading who think a crisis will not happen to their company, you are mistaken. It is only a matter of time. I don’t mean to be cliché, but it’s not if, it’s when. You cannot plan for every single crisis situation, but to create a plan with clear communication lines, understanding who is making the decisions during the crisis, who is the spokesperson, are there multiple? In the case of the BP spill, Chapman explains that all the talking points went out to every single employee, because reporters were coming up to employees on the beaches during the clean up process and asking questions on the spot. Instead of limiting them to canned responses and referring back to a communications professional, BP utilized its employees to reinforce the message of what the company was doing to fix the problem that was created.

As social media and mobile technology continues to engulf the majority of adults, planning to respond to a crisis born on social media requires planning as well and the leadership to guide the process.   

In Wooten and James (2008) analysis of linking crisis communication and leadership they share the important of planning as a precursor to responding to a crisis situation, “As business environments change and grow increasingly complex, it is particularly important that leaders develop a set of skills that will help them prevent and effectively respond to crisis and other strategic issues (Garcia, 2006; Mitroff, 2005).”

In an article in The Wall Street Journal by former CEO of Medtronic, Bill George, he describes several lessons on how to be a leader during a crisis. In his sixth lesson, George says to “Never waste a good crisis.” He suggests that when things are going well within a business it is much harder to usher in change.  A crisis allows a leader to bring about change, with the added benefit that the implementation process is generally faster during a crisis.    

Analyzing the situation when a crisis breaks is important, to verify if the crisis is legitimate is key to determine if crisis protocol needs to be implemented. As in Domino’s Pizza crisis, when the YouTube video sprang up, restaurant officials waited 24 hours before responding. The reason was to evaluate if the video was real. They went through the evaluation process with two objective watchdog groups who helped confirm the situation and bring it Domino’s attention (Walton, Seitz and Ragsdale, 2012). To me, in the social media age we live in, stakeholders demand a quick response to situations. There is a fine line that has to be walked when evaluating a crisis and responding. The question is do you loose valuable response time while evaluating a crisis. Working with your crisis communication leadership team, you will need to make the best decision for the current situation.


So with a little more knowledge about crisis communication, will you work with your organization to create a plan to prepare?  

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